01
Reversible paths
Use one explicit root marker and distinct object and array notation for reliable reconstruction.
Start typing to search 227 tools.
AI Token Cost CalculatorCalculatorCalculate estimated LLM input and output cost for one request or a batch using editable prices per million tokens and manual or text-estimated usage.→AI Token CounterDeveloperEstimate AI prompt tokens with a transparent English, code, or multilingual heuristic, including a planning range, characters, UTF-8 bytes, words, and detected content profile.→API Key GeneratorGeneratorGenerate secure API keys with configurable length, prefix, quantity, and URL-safe, hexadecimal, Base32, or alphanumeric formats.→Alternating Case ConverterTextConvert ordinary text into alternating uppercase and lowercase letters while preserving spaces, punctuation, numbers, and line breaks.→Article Schema GeneratorSeoGenerate Article JSON-LD with headline, author, publisher, dates, image, and canonical URL.→BCrypt Hash GeneratorGeneratorGenerate a salted 60-character BCrypt password hash, choose cost 4–15, inspect its parts, measure runtime, and verify it immediately.→BCrypt 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target and TTL, and helps diagnose DNS redirects between hostnames.→CORS Header GeneratorGeneratorGenerate validated CORS response headers for one origin, methods, request headers, exposed response headers, credentials, and preflight caching.→CRC32 GeneratorGeneratorGenerate CRC32 checksums from exact text in hexadecimal and decimal formats for compatibility checks, fixtures, archives, and data-transfer testing.→CSP Policy BuilderGeneratorBuild a Content-Security-Policy header with presets, source directives, Report-Only mode, security warnings, and copy-ready HTTP, nginx, Apache and meta-tag output.→CSS BeautifierDeveloperUse CSS Beautifier to format compressed or inconsistent CSS online with readable indentation, line breaks, declarations, selectors, comments, and nested blocks.→CSS MinifierDeveloperMinify CSS by removing unnecessary spaces and comments for smaller stylesheets, cleaner delivery, and deployment workflows→CSV FormatterTableNormalize CSV rows, delimiters, quoting, 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DecoderEncode DecodeDecode one X.509 PEM certificate and inspect subject, issuer, validity, SAN entries, fingerprints, serial number, signature, and key usage.→Character CounterTextMeasure characters with and without spaces, plus words and lines, for social posts, forms, metadata, and editing→Checksum CalculatorEncode DecodeCalculate CRC32, MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512 checksums from exact text and compare deterministic outputs across systems.→Collapse SpacesTextCollapse repeated horizontal spaces into one space while preserving line breaks, paragraph structure, and the order of your text.→Comma List to LinesTextConvert comma-separated values into one trimmed item per line, omit empty entries, and prepare a clean vertical list for spreadsheets or imports.→Content-Type ParserDeveloperParse a Content-Type header into its media type, charset, boundary, and other parameters.→Cookie ParserDeveloperParse a Cookie request header into readable cookie names and values.→Cron Expression BuilderGeneratorBuild and validate five-field cron expressions with presets and human-readable explanations.→Cron Expression GeneratorGeneratorGenerate standard five-field cron expressions for hourly, daily, weekday, weekly, monthly, or custom schedules.→Cron Expression ParserDeveloperSplit a standard five-field cron expression into minute, hour, day-of-month, month, and weekday explanations.→DNS LookupNetworkLook up DNS records for a domain, including A, AAAA, MX, TXT, NS, CNAME, SOA, and CAA records.→Data URL DecoderConverterDecode a data URL and inspect its media type, encoding, parameters, and text payload.→Data URL EncoderConverterEncode text as a standards-friendly data URL with a selected media type and encoding mode.→Duplicate Paragraph RemoverTextRemove repeated paragraphs while preserving order.→Email ExtractorTextFind email addresses in authorized pasted text, remove repeated matches, and return a clean copyable list in first-seen order.→Emoji RemoverTextRemove emoji symbols and related joiner characters from text while preserving surrounding words, punctuation, spacing, and line structure.→FAQ Schema GeneratorSeoGenerate FAQPage JSON-LD from visible questions and answers.→Find and ReplaceTextReplace every exact occurrence of a chosen text value while keeping the source available for comparison.→GraphQL FormatterDeveloperGraphQL Formatter turns compressed GraphQL queries, mutations, fragments, and variables into readable structured output for faster review, debugging, and team collaboration.→GraphQL MinifierDeveloperGraphQL Minifier removes unnecessary whitespace and comments from GraphQL queries while preserving operations, fragments, variables, directives, and string values.→HMAC GeneratorGeneratorGenerate keyed HMAC digests from a message and secret using SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512, with clear hexadecimal output for testing integrations.→HTML BeautifierDeveloperFormat compact or inconsistent HTML with readable indentation, line breaks, nested elements, comments, and document structure.→HTML DecoderEncode DecodeDecode HTML entities into readable characters for content cleanup, debugging, migration, and template review→HTML EncoderEncode DecodeEncode reserved HTML characters into entities for safe display in examples, documentation, templates, and web content→HTML MinifierDeveloperMinify HTML by removing unnecessary whitespace and comments for smaller markup, faster transfer, and deployment preparation→HTML Tag RemoverDeveloperRemove HTML tags from markup while keeping readable text for cleanup, migration, extraction, and content preparation→HTTP Authorization Header ParserDeveloperInspect HTTP Authorization headers and identify Bearer, Basic, and other authentication schemes.→HTTP Header BuilderGeneratorBuild validated HTTP request and response header blocks for APIs, security, caching, CORS, and content negotiation.→HTTP Header CheckerNetworkInspect HTTP response headers, caching, content metadata, CORS, and common security headers for a public URL.→HTTP Request BuilderGeneratorBuild a complete HTTP request and matching cURL command from structured fields.→HTTP Status CheckerNetworkCheck the live HTTP status of a public URL, follow redirects, and review the final response and request path.→HTTP Status Code LookupNetworkLook up common HTTP response codes and use detailed guides for 301, 302, 401, 403, 404, 429, 500, 502, and 503 errors.→Hash GeneratorGeneratorUse this free Hash Generator to create MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, and SHA-512 hashes from text, verify exact input, and copy results online.→Hashtag ExtractorTextExtract unique hashtags from captions, notes, and campaign text in their original first-seen order.→Hreflang GeneratorSeoGenerate a reciprocal hreflang cluster as HTML link tags and a complete same-site XML sitemap, with normalized locales and optional x-default.→IP Address LookupNetworkInspect a public IPv4 or IPv6 address, reverse hostname, address version, canonical form, and forward-confirmed DNS context.→ISO 8601 Date ConverterConverterConvert ISO 8601 timestamps between UTC, Unix time, and readable date formats.→JSON CompareCompareCompare two JSON documents online, validate their syntax, normalize formatting, and highlight added, removed, changed, and unchanged lines.→JSON Diff ViewerCompareCompare two JSON documents online, validate their syntax, normalize formatting, and inspect added, removed, or changed values in a clear diff.→JSON EscapeEncode DecodeEscape quotes, backslashes, line breaks, tabs and Unicode-safe text for use inside JSON string values, API payloads and configuration files.→JSON FlattenConverterFlatten nested JSON objects and arrays into reversible $-rooted path-value pairs while preserving empty objects, empty arrays, scalar types, and array indexes.→JSON FormatterDeveloperFormat, beautify or minify JSON online with 2-space, 4-space or tab indentation, optional recursive key sorting, validation, and copy-ready output.→JSON Lines FormatterDeveloperValidate and normalize JSON Lines or JSONL data as one compact JSON value per line, with strict blank-record detection and an optional final newline.→JSON MergeConverterMerge 2 JSON documents online with recursive object merging, selectable conflict priority and replace, append or unique array strategies.→JSON MinifierDeveloperMinify formatted JSON into a compact single-line representation for APIs, storage, testing, and data transfer.→JSON Path FinderDeveloperFind JSONPath-style locations for matching keys or values inside deeply nested JSON without manually tracing the structure.→JSON Pointer TesterDeveloperResolve an RFC 6901 JSON Pointer against an object or array, including escaped slash and tilde characters, and inspect the selected value.→JSON Schema GeneratorGeneratorGenerate a JSON Schema from sample JSON online. Choose Draft 4, 6, 7, 2019-09 or 2020-12, infer nested types and detect common string formats.→JSON Schema ValidatorValidatorValidate JSON data against a practical JSON Schema subset and receive errors with exact data paths for types, required fields, arrays, strings and numbers.→JSON SorterDeveloperUse this free JSON Sorter to alphabetize object keys recursively while preserving values, nested structures, and array order online.→JSON UnescapeEncode DecodeDecode JSON escape sequences such as escaped quotes, backslashes, newlines, tabs and Unicode sequences into readable text.→JSON UnflattenConverterRebuild nested JSON objects and arrays from a reversible $-rooted flat path map with collision checks, escaped property names, and strict contiguous array indexes.→JSON ValidatorValidatorValidate JSON syntax online and inspect the document root type, nesting depth, node count, object keys, arrays, objects and scalar values.→JSON ViewerDeveloperView JSON online as a readable tree, pretty-printed document, or flattened JSON path list with value types and depth controls.→JSON to C# ClassConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable C# output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to CSVConverterConvert a non-empty JSON array of objects to CSV with selectable delimiter, header and line-ending options, nested JSON serialization and spreadsheet formula protection.→JSON to Dart ClassConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable Dart output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to Go StructConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable Go output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to Java ClassConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable Java output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to Kotlin Data ClassConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable Kotlin output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to OpenAI Function SchemaConverterConvert representative JSON arguments into an OpenAI function tool definition for the Responses API or Chat Completions.→JSON to PHP DTOConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable PHP output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to Pydantic ModelConverterGenerate Pydantic v2 BaseModel classes from JSON with nested models, Python type hints, nullable options, and Field aliases for JSON keys.→JSON to Rust StructConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable Rust/Serde output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to SQL CREATE TABLEConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable SQL output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to Swift CodableConverterConvert representative JSON into reviewable Swift output with type inference, nested models, arrays, and practical generation settings.→JSON to TOMLConverterConvert JSON objects into readable TOML configuration.→JSON to TOON ConverterConverterJSON to TOON Converter transforms JSON into compact TOON v4.1 syntax using indentation-based objects, explicit array lengths, and tabular rows for uniform object arrays.→JSON to TypeScriptConverterGenerate a TypeScript interface from representative JSON objects, arrays and primitive values, with a configurable root interface name.→JSON to XML ConverterConverterJSON to XML Converter transforms JSON objects and arrays into structured XML for integration, migration, and testing workflows.→JSON to YAMLConverterConvert valid JSON objects, arrays and scalar values to readable YAML while preserving nesting, strings, numbers, booleans, null and Unicode text.→JSON to Zod SchemaConverterConvert representative JSON into a Zod schema with nested objects, arrays, primitive types, null values, and optional 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copy.→Line CounterTextCount total, non-empty, and blank lines in text, code, lists, logs, and documents with a clear browser workflow→Lines to Comma ListTextJoin non-empty trimmed lines into one comma-separated list while preserving the original item order.→Local Business Schema GeneratorSeoGenerate LocalBusiness JSON-LD with address, contact, opening hours, price range, and coordinates.→Lowercase ConverterTextConvert cased letters to lowercase while preserving punctuation, spaces, and line breaks.→MCP Schema ValidatorValidatorValidate the core structure of one MCP tool definition, including its name, description, inputSchema, required fields, outputSchema, and annotations.→MCP Tool Schema GeneratorGeneratorGenerate a minimal MCP tool definition and Draft 2020-12 inputSchema from a tool name, description, and representative JSON arguments.→MD5 GeneratorGeneratorUse this free MD5 Generator to generate a MD5 hash from exact text, verify whitespace and encoding, and copy a clean hexadecimal digest online.→MX LookupNetworkMX Lookup checks a domain’s mail exchanger records, priorities, TTL values, and receiving mail servers so you can verify email DNS routing.→Markdown PreviewTextRender common Markdown syntax as safe HTML so structure and formatting can be reviewed before publishing.→Markdown to HTMLConverterConvert common Markdown syntax into HTML for previews, documentation, articles, notes, and lightweight publishing workflows.→Mention ExtractorTextExtract unique @mentions from authorized text and preserve the order in which accounts first appear.→Meta Length CheckerSeoCheck SEO title and meta description lengths with practical search snippet guidance.→Meta Tags GeneratorSeoGenerate essential HTML meta tags for search, sharing, indexing, and canonical URLs.→NS LookupNetworkNS Lookup checks the authoritative nameserver records published for a domain so you can verify DNS delegation, hostnames, and TTL values.→Number ExtractorTextExtract signed integers and decimal values from mixed text while preserving their original order.→Open Graph GeneratorSeoGenerate Open Graph meta tags for rich social media previews.→OpenAPI GeneratorGeneratorGenerate an OpenAPI 3.1 document from endpoint settings and JSON request or response samples.→OpenAPI ValidatorValidatorValidate the required structure of OpenAPI 3.0 and 3.1 documents supplied as JSON or YAML.→Organization Schema GeneratorSeoGenerate Organization JSON-LD with identity, logo, contact and social profiles.→PEM FormatterEncode DecodeFormat PEM certificates and keys, validate matching boundary labels, and wrap Base64 content into standard 64-character lines.→Paragraph CounterTextCount non-empty text paragraphs separated by one or more blank lines.→Password Generator AdvancedGeneratorGenerate 1–100 secure random passwords with 8–256 characters, selectable character sets, similar-character removal, and custom exclusions.→Password Strength CheckerValidatorCheck password strength using length, character variety, repetition, sequences, and common-pattern signals while keeping the result easy to understand.→Phone Number ExtractorTextExtract likely phone numbers from mixed text while preserving their original appearance and order.→Ping TestNetworkSend ICMP echo requests to a public hostname or IP address and review packet loss and round-trip timing.→Port CheckerNetworkTest whether a TCP port on a public hostname or IP address accepts a connection and review connection timing and resolved destination.→Prefix LinesTextAdd the same prefix to every following line while preserving line order and line breaks.→Product Schema GeneratorSeoGenerate Product and Offer JSON-LD for visible product details.→Query String ParserNetworkParse a complete URL or raw query string into structured, readable JSON without changing the original input.→Quote LinesTextWrap every source line in quotation marks while preserving line order and line breaks.→RSA Key GeneratorGeneratorGenerate RSA public and private key pairs in PEM format with selectable key sizes and optional passphrase protection.→Random Password GeneratorGeneratorGenerate strong random passwords with a chosen length for accounts, test data, temporary credentials, and security-focused workflows.→Reading Time CalculatorCalculatorEstimate how long a text takes to read from its word count using a clear words-per-minute model.→Redirect Chain CheckerSeoTrace HTTP redirects, inspect status codes, detect loops, and identify unnecessary redirect hops.→Regex BuilderGeneratorBuild practical regular expressions from common matching requirements.→Regex ExtractorDeveloperExtract all regex matches and capture groups from text.→Regex Match HighlighterDeveloperHighlight every regex match directly inside source text so patterns can be reviewed visually before they are reused.→Regex ReplaceDeveloperReplace regex matches with text or capture-group references.→Regex SplitterDeveloperSplit text with a regular expression and return clean copyable segments without manually editing repeated delimiters.→Regex Tester PRODeveloperTest regular expressions with detailed matches, named groups, offsets, line and column positions, execution timing, and highlighted previews.→Remove All SpacesTextRemove every whitespace character, including spaces, tabs, and line breaks, to create one uninterrupted string.→Remove Duplicate LinesTextKeep the first occurrence of each exact line, remove later duplicates, and preserve the original line order.→Remove Duplicate WordsTextRemove repeated words case-insensitively while keeping each first spelling and the original first-seen order.→Remove Empty LinesTextDelete blank and whitespace-only lines while preserving every populated line in its original order.→Remove Line NumbersTextRemove leading line numbers from text while preserving the remaining line content and order.→Remove NumbersTextRemove numeric digits from text while keeping letters, punctuation, spacing, and line order available for review.→Remove PunctuationTextRemove punctuation characters from text while preserving words, numbers, spaces, and line order for review.→Remove TabsTextRemove tab characters from text while keeping the remaining content and line structure visible for comparison.→Remove WordTextRemove word with a focused browser utility that targets the entered term while keeping the original source visible for careful comparison.→Reverse DNS LookupNetworkLook up the PTR hostname for a public IPv4 or IPv6 address and verify whether the hostname resolves back to the same address.→Reverse LinesTextReverse lines with a focused browser tool that changes only the order of complete lines while keeping every word, number, symbol, and punctuation mark inside each line unchanged.→Reverse TextTextReverse text with a browser utility that returns characters in the opposite order while keeping the original source visible for direct comparison.→Reverse WordsTextReverse words with a focused tool that changes the order of word tokens while keeping the characters inside each individual word readable.→Robots.txt GeneratorSeoBuild a valid robots.txt file with user-agent, allow, disallow, crawl delay, and sitemap rules.→Robots.txt Tester & ValidatorSeoValidate robots.txt syntax, inspect crawler directives, and test whether a URL is allowed for a selected user-agent.→SERP Snippet PreviewSeoPreview a Google-style search result and check title and description lengths.→SHA1 GeneratorGeneratorUse this free SHA1 Generator to generate a SHA-1 hash from exact text, verify whitespace and encoding, and copy a clean hexadecimal digest online.→SHA256 File Checksum GeneratorGeneratorCalculate a SHA-256 checksum for any local file or exact text, then compare it with a published 64-character digest without uploading the file.→SHA512 Generator & SHA256 ComparisonGeneratorGenerate a 128-character SHA-512 digest for long text or hexadecimal key material and compare it with SHA-256 calculated from the same bytes.→SQL 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Case ConverterTextThis sentence case converter changes irregular capitalization into a sentence-style pattern while keeping the original text available for comparison.→Sentence CounterTextUse this sentence counter to estimate the number of sentence units in articles, essays, notes, product descriptions, and other text.→Set-Cookie ParserDeveloperParse a Set-Cookie response header into its cookie value, scope, expiry, and security attributes.→Shuffle LinesTextShuffle lines into a random order while keeping every line available for review in a separate result.→Sitemap ValidatorSeoValidate XML sitemap syntax, structure, URLs, duplicates, namespaces, and optional metadata.→Slug GeneratorTextSlug Generator creates a clean, lowercase, hyphenated URL slug from any title or phrase. 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hexadecimal, and Base64 tokens from cryptographically secure random bytes.→TracerouteNetworkTrace the network path to a public hostname or IP address and review each responding hop and latency.→Trim WhitespaceTextRemove unwanted spaces around every line without changing the meaningful text inside each line.→Twitter Card GeneratorSeoGenerate Twitter Card metadata for link previews on X and compatible platforms.→URL DecoderEncode DecodeDecode valid percent-encoded UTF-8 text while preserving literal plus signs for accurate URL-component inspection.→URL EncoderEncode DecodePercent-encode UTF-8 text for use as one URL component while preserving JavaScript encodeURIComponent-safe characters.→URL ExtractorTextExtract web addresses from text, HTML, logs, exports, and documents for audits, migration, outreach, and review→URL ParserNetworkSplit an absolute URL into scheme, host, port, user information, path, query parameters, and fragment.→URL Query BuilderGeneratorURL Query Builder creates RFC 3986 encoded query strings and complete URLs from readable name and value pairs.→UUID DecoderEncode DecodeDecode a UUID into version, variant, hexadecimal fields, node data, clock sequence, and timestamp information when the version supports it.→UUID GeneratorGeneratorGenerate cryptographically secure UUID v4 or time-ordered UUID v7 identifiers online, one at a time or in bulk, with canonical, uppercase, brace and compact output formats.→UUID ValidatorValidatorValidate canonical UUID syntax, identify versions 1–8, recognize Nil and Max UUIDs, report the variant, and explain format failures.→Unique Word FinderTextFind distinct words, repeated terms, and vocabulary patterns in text for editing, research, SEO, and content analysis→Uppercase ConverterTextConvert letters to uppercase instantly while preserving punctuation, numbers, spacing, and line order.→WHOIS LookupNetworkQuery public WHOIS registry data for a domain and inspect registrar, dates, nameservers, statuses, and raw WHOIS output.→Word CounterTextCount words, characters, sentences, and paragraphs in text for writing, editing, SEO, study, and content planning→Word Frequency CounterTextCount how often every word appears, rank repeated terms, and inspect vocabulary balance in any pasted text.→Words to LinesTextPlace words or separated values on individual lines for lists, imports, cleanup, deduplication, and data preparation→XML CompareCompareCompare two XML documents online, validate their structure, normalize indentation, and review changed elements, attributes, text nodes, and line positions.→XML Escape / UnescapeEncode DecodeXML Escape / Unescape converts reserved XML characters to safe entity references or restores standard XML entities back to readable characters.→XML FormatterDeveloperFormat and indent XML for easier inspection, debugging, configuration review, data exchange, and development workflows→XML MinifierDeveloperXML Minifier removes indentation, line breaks, and optional comments from valid 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HTTP request into Python Requests code with explicit method, headers, inline body, redirect behavior, timeout, and HTTP error handling.→
Converter
Ready
JSON Flatten
Flatten nested JSON objects and arrays into reversible $-rooted path-value pairs while preserving empty objects, empty arrays, scalar types, and array indexes.
Flatten objects into dot or slash paths Represent arrays with zero-based bracket indexes Preserve empty objects and arrays Escape separators and brackets inside property names
Backslash escapes separators and brackets inside object keys. Arrays always use zero-based [index] notation.
Private browser processing. Your input is processed on this device and is not sent to the Trexmi server.
INPUT Nested JSON *
Objects become escaped path segments, arrays use [index], and the root is $. Empty objects and arrays are preserved. Example: Trexmi developer sample
Flattened JSON path map
Every value and empty container is mapped to a reversible $-rooted path.
→
Result ready
READY
Processed result
Raw output
About the tool
What JSON Flatten does
JSON Flatten converts a nested JSON document into a flat JSON object whose property names describe the original location of every value. All paths begin with $. Object properties use the selected dot or slash separator, while arrays use explicit indexes such as [0].
The output is designed to be reversible with Trexmi JSON Unflatten. Empty objects and arrays are kept as values instead of disappearing. A backslash escapes a separator or bracket that belongs to an actual property name. This path syntax is a Trexmi interchange convention, not JSONPath or JSON Pointer.
How to use
- Paste nested JSON. Use a complete object, array, or scalar that parses under standard JSON rules.
- Select a separator. Dot mode produces paths such as
$.order.id; slash mode produces$/order/id. - Flatten the document. Array locations remain visible as
[0],[1], and later indexes. - Inspect special keys. Property separators, brackets, and backslashes are escaped so they are not mistaken for path syntax.
- Verify the round trip. Run the flat result through JSON Unflatten with the same separator before relying on it in an import or migration.
Built for the task
Why use JSON Flatten?
Focused controls, predictable output, and a workflow designed around this exact transformation.
02
Empty values retained
Preserve empty objects, empty arrays, null, booleans, numbers, and strings.
03
Escaped property names
Keep keys that contain dots, slashes, brackets, or backslashes without path ambiguity.
04
Readable field map
Inspect deeply nested payloads as a compact list of locations and typed values.
Useful answers
Questions about JSON Flatten
Practical details about input, output, privacy, limits, and the best way to use this tool.
01 What does JSON Flatten output?
It outputs one JSON object. Each property name is a $-rooted path and each property value is the JSON value stored at that location.
02 How are arrays represented?
Arrays use zero-based bracket indexes. For example, the first item name is represented as $.items[0].name in dot mode.
03 Are empty objects and arrays preserved?
Yes. An empty container is stored directly at its path so JSON Unflatten can recreate it.
04 What if a property name contains a dot or slash?
The selected separator is escaped with a backslash. Brackets and backslashes inside property names are escaped as well.
05 Is this output standard JSONPath?
No. It resembles familiar path notation but is a reversible Trexmi flat-map format. Do not pass these keys directly to a JSONPath engine.
06 Can the root value be an array or scalar?
Yes. A root array begins with paths such as $[0]. A root scalar or empty root container is stored under the exact $ path.
07 Will flattening preserve object key order?
The generated map follows the parsed source order, but JSON object member order should not be used as application logic. Array order is preserved by indexes.
08 Can JSON Flatten replace an ETL mapping?
No. It exposes paths and values but does not rename fields, join datasets, validate a business schema, or guarantee compatibility with a destination database.
Learn JSON
Read the complete JSON Guide
Learn JSON objects, arrays, value types, validation, formatting, parsing, API workflows, and common syntax errors.
- Objects, arrays, and values
- Validation and formatting
- API and parsing workflows
Read guide
Practical explanations and examples
Examples
Flatten a nested order
Object properties become dot-separated paths and each JSON scalar keeps its type.
Input
{"order":{"id":1042,"customer":{"name":"Ada"},"paid":true}}
Output
{"$.order.id":1042,"$.order.customer.name":"Ada","$.order.paid":true}
Flatten an array of items
Bracket indexes preserve array order separately from object property names.
Input
{"items":[{"sku":"A-1","qty":2},{"sku":"B-7","qty":1}]}
Output
{"$.items[0].sku":"A-1","$.items[0].qty":2,"$.items[1].sku":"B-7","$.items[1].qty":1}
Preserve empty containers
Empty objects and arrays are leaves because otherwise their existence would be lost.
Input
{"filters":{},"results":[],"next":null}
Output
{"$.filters":{},"$.results":[],"$.next":null}
Escape a dot inside a key
The doubled JSON backslash represents one path escape: the first dot is data and the next dot is the object separator.
Input
{"release.version":{"major":2}}
Output
{"$.release\\.version.major":2}
How the flat path model works
The root marker is $. In dot mode, an object property is appended as .property; in slash mode it is appended as /property. An array position is always appended as [index]. Keeping array notation independent from the object separator lets the reverse operation distinguish an object property named 0 from array index zero.
The flat output remains valid JSON. Values are not converted to display strings: true remains a boolean, null remains null, and numbers remain JSON numbers as supported by the server parser.
Arrays, empty containers, and root values
A normal leaf is a string, number, boolean, or null. Empty objects and arrays are also treated as leaves because there are no children from which JSON Unflatten could infer their existence. Non-empty arrays create one path for every indexed descendant.
Use JSON Unflatten with the same separator to test reversibility. Use JSON Formatter first when the input is hard to read, or JSON Path Finder when the goal is searching rather than transformation.
Property names that contain path characters
A property separator, opening or closing bracket, or literal backslash is escaped with a preceding backslash. For example, the key release.version becomes release\.version in dot mode. The escape belongs to the flat path only; the original key is restored without it.
Do not edit escaped paths casually. Removing one backslash can change a single property name into two nested properties.
Limitations and edge cases
Flattening is a structural transformation, not schema validation. It cannot determine required fields, normalize dates, resolve references, detect duplicate object member names already collapsed by a JSON parser, or map values to SQL columns. Very deep or very large documents remain subject to server input and JSON nesting limits.
JSON itself defines objects, arrays, numbers, strings, booleans, and null, but it does not define a universal flattening syntax. Read RFC 8259 for JSON interoperability rules. For a standardized single-location syntax with different escaping rules, compare JSON Pointer RFC 6901.
Related workflow
After verifying the flat map, reconstruct it with JSON Unflatten or export suitable records through JSON to CSV.